When is it OK to Believe Without Proof?

First, consider the following cases: You want to ask someone out. You have three job offers, one from Amazon, one from Tesla, and one from Google. You’re not sure whether to help out someone or not. You’re a physicist and you can’t prove whether the particle you’re looking for exists or not. These cases are each very different from the other. They all belong to different domains and types of knowledge, and require different modes of actions. ...

July 20, 2025 · 3 min · Mahmoud Rasmi

When Legality Isn't Enough: What Is Ethics?

This article is an excerpt from my book Philosophy for Business Leaders: Asking Questions, Navigating Uncertainty, and the Quest for Meaning. I once moderated an online session that revolved around discussions about personal finance, investments, and entrepreneurship. During the session, I asked the guest a question that sparked concerns about the importance of ethics in the business world. The guest, wearing a smile, along with many attendees—most of whom were bankers and professionals—agreed that as long as actions are legal and compliant, there is no problem. ...

July 19, 2025 · 11 min · Mahmoud Rasmi